El Nino Watch

The 9 risk factors

El Nino, water, heat, flood, cyclone/wind, sea state, air quality, marine heat and news. Each has its own thresholds and a cap on how far it can raise the overall level.

Koh Samui watch

Each factor is scored 0-4 from real data. Some factors are "context" and can only raise the overall level a little (the cap).

Thresholds

FactorMain dataCap in overall levelCritical?
El Nino (enso)NOAA ONI + weekly Nino 3.4, CPC status, IRI2 Prepareyes
Water (water)ERA5 rain vs 1991-2020 normal, ECMWF seasonal, PWA notices, dam3 Act (4 only via rule R4b or confirmed shortage)yes
Heat (heat)Open-Meteo feels-like forecast 7 days, ERA5 30-day Tmax anomaly3 Actyes
Flood (flood)Open-Meteo 3-day rain, island rain gauges, TMD warnings, past 7 days of rain3 Actyes
Cyclone / wind (cyclone_wind)GDACS cyclones, forecast gusts, TMD storm warnings3 Act (4 via rule R4a)yes
Sea state (sea_state)Open-Meteo marine waves 72 h, TMD Gulf wave warnings3 Actyes
Air (air)CAMS PM2.5 (Open-Meteo)3 Actno
Marine heat (marine_heat)Coral Reef Watch DHW1 Watchno
News (news)Keyword counts in news and social feeds1 Watch, and only with another factor >= 1no

"Critical" factors: if one has no data or stale data, the overall level is Unknown.

Sources

Related

ENSO status now

ONI (NOAA CPC)
+1.80 °C, JJA 2026 (previous +1.39 °C)
RONI (NOAA CPC)
+1.36 °C, JJA 2026
Nino 3.4 weekly (NOAA CPC / OISST)
+3.0 °C anomaly, week of 16 Sep 2026 (SST 29.6 °C)